“El Éxodo no existió”, afirma el arqueólogo Israel Finkelstein

[Lynx]

Chapman es una autoridad. Aún está online en la universidad de Granada su artículo exponiendo la necesidad de rehacer la cronología "académica de la Prehistoria europea" de modo que diera cabida a los inmensos restos culturales hallados desde el siglo XIX en el SE peninsular, pero que sistemáticamente habían sido excluídos, desde el primer día, por la escuela germánica en auge. Siret, el francés que trabajaba en sociedades coloniales europeas que explotaron la minería de E a O de Andalucía para alimentar la maquinaria industrial en Europa, divulgó lo que quiso y pudo en su día. Luego vino la II GM y el pesado velamiento de medio siglo, con un Chapman irritado y disconforme. Publicó, al fin un libro a fines de los '80 que constituye una completa demostración y manifestación
contra la manipulación académica que se impuso tras la IIGM y la consiguiente ceguera y
estulticia que dominaba en estudios prehistóricos, Calcolítico, Bronce, en la Península desde la posguerra.

Los Millares was constructed in three phases, each phase increasing the level of fortification. The fortification is not unique to the Mediterranean area of the 3rd millennium; other sites with bastions and defensive towers include the sites of Jericho, Ai, and Aral (in Palestine) and Lebous, Boussargues and Campe of Laures (in France). It consists of a settlement, guarded by numerous outlying forts and a cemetery of passage tombs and covers around 5 acres.

The settlement itself was surrounded by three concentric walls with four bastions; radiocarbon dating has established that one wall collapsed and was rebuilt around 3,025 BC. A cluster of simple dwellings lay inside the walls as well as one large building containing evidence of copper smelting.

Finally, the fortified citadel at the very top of the spur has only been investigated so far by means of various pilot trenches, which have revealed walls up to six metres thick, confirming the great importance of the structure. Within its grounds there is a deep hollow, which Siret concluded must be a water cistern but so far has not been excavated.

Los Millares, Spain.

 

[Lynx]

Retiro las citas y bromas impropias.
En el fragmento seleccionado y pegado arriba, con contenidos esenciales en cada uno de los tres párrafos, quiero destacar el segundo por incluir el C14. Hay un artículo por ahí que habla de los inicios de la aplicación del radiocarbono a la arqueología recién acabada la IIGM y es excelente que considere, en fin, que los resultados del C14 debían tomarse con pinzas porque los primeros que habían tumbado su validez eran los que habían estudiado Jericó -o estaban estudiándola por entonces. El argumento era que la datación del C14 fallaba en Jericó porque otros descubrimientos científicos, como el inicio de la agricultura, permitían antedatar los orígenes de Jericó en 15 siglos.

 

[Lynx]

Did the Israelites Conquer Jericho? A New Look at the Archaeological Evidence

One major problem remains: the date, 1400 B.C.E. Most scholars will reject the possibility that the Israelites destroyed Jericho in about 1400 B.C.E. because of their belief that Israel did not emerge in Canaan until about 150 to 200 years later, at the end of the Late Bronze II period.

A minority of scholars agrees with the Biblical chronology, which places the Israelite entry into Canaan in about 1400 B.C.E. The dispute between these two views is already well-known to BAR readers.**

But recently, new evidence has come to light suggesting that Israel was resident in Canaan throughout the Late Bronze II period. As new data emerge and as old data are reevaluated, it will undoubtedly require a reappraisal of current theories regarding the date and the nature of the emergence of Israel in Canaan.

See Dr. Wood discuss the evidence in this cutting edge video, Jericho Unearthed.

Es una suerte que esa página provea

Carbon 14 Dating at Jericho
Non-Technical - Aug 07, 2008 - by Bryant G. Wood PhD

ABR has received multiple questions on this subject. Dr. Bryant Wood provides a brief response...

Initially, a C14 date of 1410 +/- 40 B.C. (done by the British Museum) was published for charcoal from the destruction level of Jericho (Jericho V [1983], p. 763). This was later found to be in error and corrected from 3080 +/- 40 BP to 3300 +/- 110 BP (Radiocarbon 32 [1990]: 74; BP = before present), which calibrates to 1590 or 1527 +/- 110 B.C., depending on how one reads the calibration curve (Radiocarbon 35 [1993]: 30). Additional tests were done on six grain samples from the destruction level resulting in dates between 1640 and 1520 B.C. and 12 charcoal samples from the destruction level resulting in dates between 1690 and 1610 B.C. (Radiocarbon 37 [1995]: 217). More recently, the Italians obtained two samples from a structure at the base of the tell that yielded dates of 1347 +/-85 and 1597 +/-91 B.C. (Quaderni di Gerico 2 [2000]: 206–207, 330, 332). The locus the samples were taken from appears to contain debris from the final Bronze Age destruction of the city.

My dating of the destruction of Jericho to ca. 1400 B.C. is based on pottery, which, in turn, is based on Egyptian chronology. Jericho is just one example of the discrepancy between historical and C14 dates for the second millennium B.C. C14 dates are consistently 100–150 years earlier than historical dates. There is a heated debate going on among scholars concerning this, especially with regard to the date of the eruption of Thera (Santorini). The literature on the subject is enormous, so I will not attempt to give you references. A recent overview can be found in Manfred Bietak and Felix Höflmayer, Introduction: High and Low Chronology, pp. 13–23 in The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. III, eds. Manfred Bietak and Ernst Czerny, Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2007. Because of the inconsistencies and uncertainties of C14 dating, most archaeologists prefer historical dates over C14 dates.

Editorial note: The evidence for the destruction of Jericho at the time the Bible describes it and the way the Bible describes it is overwhelming. Dr. Wood has done extensive work on this subject.

 

[Mr.Foster]

y LO DEL THERA no afecto a la zona?

Por supuesto, pero lo que resultó más afectado fue el sistema de datación usado 2 milenios después, que no toma en consideración los drásticos cambios en el nivel de carbono en toda la zona del Mediterráneo.
Jericó existió y fue destruída más o menos cuando y como la Biblia lo menciona, le guste o no a Don Finkelstein.

 

[Elsi]

A quien le interese la historia judía le recomiendo "La Tierra de Canaan" de Isaac Asimov

 

[Hermericus]

Jo que trauma...

Y yo que me creía a pies juntillas ese comic para mayor gloria alubia*.