Enterao
Será en Octubre
- Desde
- 17 Jul 2008
- Mensajes
- 32.055
- Reputación
- 35.214
neցros portadores del ebola que no lo padecen pero lo tras*miten
lo que faltaba , ahora hay neցros portadores del ebola que no lo padecen pero lo tras*miten ..por eso se esta extendiendo la epidemia .
tendremos ya metido aqui a algun portador ?
Signs and symptoms
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: references need tidying. Please help improve this article if you can. (September 2012)
Manifestation of Ebola begins with a sudden onset of an influenza-like stage characterized by general malaise, fever with chills, arthralgia, myalgia, and chest pain. Nausea is accompanied by abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. Respiratory tract involvement is characterized by pharyngitis with sore throat, cough, dyspnea, and hiccups. The central nervous system is affected as judged by the development of severe headaches, agitation, confusion, fatigue, depression, seizures, and sometimes coma.
Cutaneous presentation may include: maculopapular rash, petechiae, purpura, ecchymoses, and hematomas (especially around needle injection sites). In general, development of hemorrhagic symptoms is indicative of a negative prognosis. However, contrary to popular belief, hemorrhage does not lead to hypovolemia and is not the cause of death (total blood loss is low except during labor). Instead, death occurs due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) due to fluid redistribution, hypotension, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and focal tissue necroses.
The miccionan incubation period, best calculated currently for EVD outbreaks due to EBOV infection, is 12.7 days (standard deviation = 4.3 days), but can be as long as 25 days.[13]
Hemorrhage
All patients show some extent of coagulopathy and impaired circulatory system symptomology.[14] Bleeding from mucous membranes and puncture sites is reported in 40–50% of cases,[15] while maculopapular rashes are evident in approximately 50% of cases.[14] Sources of bleeds include hematemesis, hemoptysis, melena, and aforementioned bleeding from mucous membranes (gastrointestinal tract, nose, vagina and gingiva). However diffuse bleeding (i.e. heavy) is rare; occurrence is usually exclusive to the gastrointestinal tract.[14][16]
Causes
Main article: Ebolavirus
EVD is caused by four of five viruses classified in the genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales: Bundibugyo bichito (BDBV), Ebola bichito (EBOV), Sudan bichito (SUDV), and Taï Forest bichito (TAFV). The fifth bichito, Reston bichito (RESTV), is thought to be apathogenic for humans and therefore not discussed here.
Genus Ebolavirus: species and their EVD-causing viruses Species name bichito name (Abbreviation)
Bundibugyo ebolavirus (accepted)[17] Bundibugyo bichito (BDBV; previously BEBOV)
Sudan ebolavirus Sudan bichito (SUDV; previously SEBOV)
Taï Forest ebolavirus Taï Forest bichito (TAFV; previously CIEBOV)
Zaire ebolavirus* Ebola bichito (EBOV; previously ZEBOV)
Table legend: "*" denotes the type species and "accepted" refers to a taxon that has been accepted by the Executive Committee of the ICTV but that has yet to be ratified.
Risk factors
---------- Post added 05-abr-2014 at 07:27 ----------
A real immunity to Ebola
The research team next looked into the immune status of people carrying antibodies, the first such investigation concerning this disease. They first showed that the antibodies react specifically against one or more proteins of the bichito. These individuals had indeed developed specific antibodies against Ebola. In vitro tests subsequently brought evidence of a significant rise in the number of T8 lymphocytes (white blood cells which destroy infected cells) producing cytokine IFN-g, a substance involved in the immune system. This immune memory specifically concerning the Ebola bichito is similar to that generated by vaccines whose effectiveness against Ebola in animals has been shown in previous studies. This similarity prompts the researchers to wonder if these people are naturally protected against new infection.
© IRD/Pierre Becquart High populations of bats live in Gabon’s forest areas, especially near villages.
Mild or unnoticeable forms of the disease
The high immunity rates are the biological proof that populations have been in contact with the Ebola bichito. In order to develop antibodies, these healthy carriers must have been exposed to the bichito in the past. They report that they have never suffered from the disease or in any case live in a non epidemic area. Ebola does not always provoke haemorrhage, but it triggers high fever, diarrhoea and vomiting, with a 90% mortality rate. It is highly unlikely that such symptoms had gone unnoticed. The researchers therefore deduce that the people with antibodies probably developed a mild form of the disease or an infection which did not produce symptoms.
Are healthy carriers contaminated by bats?
Given the extremely high mortality rate produced by full-blown Ebola, the high antibody prevalence observed excludes the theory that the healthy carriers could be survivors of past epidemics. Moreover, the fact that no serious clinical form of the disease had developed means that any idea of a human-human tras*mission (by way of blood, vomit or diarrhoea which contain the bichito) must also be discarded.
No particular risk factor could be identified (such as sex, age, hunting, contact with wild animals), which means that there is a common origin of exposure located near or in the villages. Only three animal groups are known to be naturally infected with Ebola: chimpanzees, gorillas and bats. The great apes live deep in the forest and only rarely come into physical contact with humans. They probably do not contribute to the prevalence rates. Chiroptera, however, are particularly abundant in the forest areas of Gabon, where the immunity rates are indeed at their highest. Great numbers of bats perch in the trees, eat fruit, particularly in sectors near the villages. The local people could therefore come into contact with the bichito when they gather and eat fruit contaminated by these animals’ saliva.
lo que faltaba , ahora hay neցros portadores del ebola que no lo padecen pero lo tras*miten ..por eso se esta extendiendo la epidemia .
tendremos ya metido aqui a algun portador ?
Signs and symptoms
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: references need tidying. Please help improve this article if you can. (September 2012)
Manifestation of Ebola begins with a sudden onset of an influenza-like stage characterized by general malaise, fever with chills, arthralgia, myalgia, and chest pain. Nausea is accompanied by abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. Respiratory tract involvement is characterized by pharyngitis with sore throat, cough, dyspnea, and hiccups. The central nervous system is affected as judged by the development of severe headaches, agitation, confusion, fatigue, depression, seizures, and sometimes coma.
Cutaneous presentation may include: maculopapular rash, petechiae, purpura, ecchymoses, and hematomas (especially around needle injection sites). In general, development of hemorrhagic symptoms is indicative of a negative prognosis. However, contrary to popular belief, hemorrhage does not lead to hypovolemia and is not the cause of death (total blood loss is low except during labor). Instead, death occurs due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) due to fluid redistribution, hypotension, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and focal tissue necroses.
The miccionan incubation period, best calculated currently for EVD outbreaks due to EBOV infection, is 12.7 days (standard deviation = 4.3 days), but can be as long as 25 days.[13]
Hemorrhage
All patients show some extent of coagulopathy and impaired circulatory system symptomology.[14] Bleeding from mucous membranes and puncture sites is reported in 40–50% of cases,[15] while maculopapular rashes are evident in approximately 50% of cases.[14] Sources of bleeds include hematemesis, hemoptysis, melena, and aforementioned bleeding from mucous membranes (gastrointestinal tract, nose, vagina and gingiva). However diffuse bleeding (i.e. heavy) is rare; occurrence is usually exclusive to the gastrointestinal tract.[14][16]
Causes
Main article: Ebolavirus
EVD is caused by four of five viruses classified in the genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales: Bundibugyo bichito (BDBV), Ebola bichito (EBOV), Sudan bichito (SUDV), and Taï Forest bichito (TAFV). The fifth bichito, Reston bichito (RESTV), is thought to be apathogenic for humans and therefore not discussed here.
Genus Ebolavirus: species and their EVD-causing viruses Species name bichito name (Abbreviation)
Bundibugyo ebolavirus (accepted)[17] Bundibugyo bichito (BDBV; previously BEBOV)
Sudan ebolavirus Sudan bichito (SUDV; previously SEBOV)
Taï Forest ebolavirus Taï Forest bichito (TAFV; previously CIEBOV)
Zaire ebolavirus* Ebola bichito (EBOV; previously ZEBOV)
Table legend: "*" denotes the type species and "accepted" refers to a taxon that has been accepted by the Executive Committee of the ICTV but that has yet to be ratified.
Risk factors
---------- Post added 05-abr-2014 at 07:27 ----------
A real immunity to Ebola
The research team next looked into the immune status of people carrying antibodies, the first such investigation concerning this disease. They first showed that the antibodies react specifically against one or more proteins of the bichito. These individuals had indeed developed specific antibodies against Ebola. In vitro tests subsequently brought evidence of a significant rise in the number of T8 lymphocytes (white blood cells which destroy infected cells) producing cytokine IFN-g, a substance involved in the immune system. This immune memory specifically concerning the Ebola bichito is similar to that generated by vaccines whose effectiveness against Ebola in animals has been shown in previous studies. This similarity prompts the researchers to wonder if these people are naturally protected against new infection.
© IRD/Pierre Becquart High populations of bats live in Gabon’s forest areas, especially near villages.
Mild or unnoticeable forms of the disease
The high immunity rates are the biological proof that populations have been in contact with the Ebola bichito. In order to develop antibodies, these healthy carriers must have been exposed to the bichito in the past. They report that they have never suffered from the disease or in any case live in a non epidemic area. Ebola does not always provoke haemorrhage, but it triggers high fever, diarrhoea and vomiting, with a 90% mortality rate. It is highly unlikely that such symptoms had gone unnoticed. The researchers therefore deduce that the people with antibodies probably developed a mild form of the disease or an infection which did not produce symptoms.
Are healthy carriers contaminated by bats?
Given the extremely high mortality rate produced by full-blown Ebola, the high antibody prevalence observed excludes the theory that the healthy carriers could be survivors of past epidemics. Moreover, the fact that no serious clinical form of the disease had developed means that any idea of a human-human tras*mission (by way of blood, vomit or diarrhoea which contain the bichito) must also be discarded.
No particular risk factor could be identified (such as sex, age, hunting, contact with wild animals), which means that there is a common origin of exposure located near or in the villages. Only three animal groups are known to be naturally infected with Ebola: chimpanzees, gorillas and bats. The great apes live deep in the forest and only rarely come into physical contact with humans. They probably do not contribute to the prevalence rates. Chiroptera, however, are particularly abundant in the forest areas of Gabon, where the immunity rates are indeed at their highest. Great numbers of bats perch in the trees, eat fruit, particularly in sectors near the villages. The local people could therefore come into contact with the bichito when they gather and eat fruit contaminated by these animals’ saliva.
Última edición: