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A santo de este hilo: Confiscando el Oro: USA 1933 Donde @AYN RANDiano2 decía que "Este es uno de mis motivos para preferir la Plata al Oro. El oro me da yuyu, y uno de los motivos es que ya lo confiscaron en el "paraíso capitalista". Y dedicado a mis colegas metaleros.
Ahora que tanto se habla de quitas al ahorro privado y del oro y la plata como refugio, recordemos algun que otro caso historico en el que el gobierno, rey o señor feudal le ha quitado la plata al particular.
Un caso reciente, sin irse a extremos como la Guerra Civil Española: USA 1934. Es por todos conocida la Orden Ejecutiva 6102, del 5 de abril de 1933, que confiscó el oro de los estadounidenses (concretamente, el 72% de los certificados y el 49% de las monedas), a cambio de una compensación de 20,67$ por onza.
Menos conocida es la Orden Ejecutiva 6814, del 9 de agosto de 1934,
que confiscó la plata no acuñada de los estadounidenses con una ley de más de 800 milésimas, teóricamente para reacuñarla como moneda del Tesoro de los EEUU, entregando una compensación de 50 centavos la onza (65 para la producción de minas domésticas): Executive Order 6814—Requiring the Delivery of All Silver to the United States for Coinage | The American Presidency Project
Section 1. By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Silver Purchase Act of 1934 and of all other authority vested in me, I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States of America, do hereby require the delivery of all silver situated in the continental United States on the effective date hereof, by any and all persons owning, possessing, or controlling any such silver, and do hereby require any and all persons owning, possessing, or controlling any such silver to deliver the same in the manner, upon the conditions and subject to the exceptions herein contained, such action being in my judgment necessary to effectuate the policy of the Silver Purchase Act of 1934. . . .
Section 2. Silver required to be delivered..–There shall be delivered in accordance with the terms of this order all silver situated in the continental United States on the effective date hereof, except silver falling within any of the ***owing categories so long as it continues to fall thereunder:
(a) Silver coins, whether foreign or domestic;
(b) Silver of a fineness of .8 or less, which has not entered into industrial, commercial, professional, artistic, or monetary use;
(c) Silver mined, after December 21, 1933, from natural deposits in the United States or any place subject to the jurisdiction thereof: Provided, however, That so much of such silver so mined in the continental United States on or before the effective date of this order which shall not have been deposited with a United States mint tinder the proclamation of December 21, 1933, shall, if processed to a fineness greater than .8 within 75 days from the effective date of this order, be delivered in accordance with this order, not later than 90 days from the effective date hereof, or if processed to a fineness greater than .8 after 75 days from the effective date of this order, be delivered within 15 days thereafter in accordance with this order;
(d) Silver held for industrial, professional, or artistic use and unmelted scrap silver and silver sweepings in an amount not exceeding in the aggregate 500 fine troy ounces belonging to any one person;
(e) Silver owned on the effective date hereof by a recognized foreign government, foreign central bank, or the Bank for International Settlements;
(f) Silver contained in articles fabricated and held in good faith for a specific and customary use and not for their value as silver bullion; or
(g) Silver held under a license issued in accordance with Section 6 hereof.
Section 3. Time and place of delivery..–The silver required to be delivered here under shall be delivered not later than 90 days from the effective date hereof to the United States mint nearest to the place where the silver is situated immediately prior to delivery: Provided, That such silver temporarily falling within the exempt categories enumerated in Section 2, shall be delivered at the end of 90 days from the effective date hereof, or 15 days after the time when it ceases to fall within such categories, whichever date is later. Any person acquiring ownership, possession, or control of silver required to be delivered under this order after 75 days from the effective date hereof, shall deliver such silver within 15 days of such acquisition.
Section 4. Amount returnable for silver..–The silver herein required to be delivered shall be coined into standard silver dollars, or otherwise added to the monetary stocks of the United States in accordance with the proclamation, bearing the same date as this order, relating to the coinage of silver, and there shall be returned therefor in standard silver dollars, silver certificates, or any other coin or currency of the United States, the monetary value of the silver so delivered (that is, $1.2929+ a fine troy ounce), less a deduction of 61 8/25 percent thereof for seigniorage, brassage, coinage, and other mint charges, as provided in such proclamation; that is, the amount returnable for the silver delivered in accordance herewith shall be an amount equal to 50+ .– a fine troy ounce, which amount is not less than the fair value, at the time of this order, of the silver required to be delivered hereunder as determined by the market price over a reasonable period terminating at the time of this order.
Section 5. Reimbursement of costs..–The Secretary of the Treasury shall pay all necessary costs, actually incurred, of the tras*portation of such silver and standard silver dollars, silver certificates, and other coin or currency of the United States, including the cost of insurance, protection, and such other incidental costs as may be reasonably necessary. Persons desiring reimbursement of such costs shall submit their accounts on voucher forms which may be obtained by writing to the Treasurer of the United States, Washington, D.C.
Section 6. Licenses..–The Secretary of the Treasury, subject to such regulations as he may prescribe, acting directly or through such agency or agencies as he may designate, shall issue licenses authorizing the withholding of silver which the Secretary of the Treasury, or such agency as he may designate, is satisfied
(a) is required for legitimate and customary use in industry, profession, or art by a person regularly engaged in such industry, profession, or art or in the business of processing silver or furnishing silver therefor;
(b) has been imported for reexport; or
(c) is required to fulfill an obligation to deliver silver in such amount to a third person, incurred or assumed by the applicant on or before the effective date of this order; Provided, That at the date of the application, the applicant owns such silver or holds the obligation of another to deliver to him such silver.
The Secretary of the Treasury may, with the approval of the President, issue licenses authorizing the withholding of silver for purposes deemed to be in the public interest and not inconsistent with the purposes of the Silver Purchase Act of 1934 and of this order.
Section 7. Deliveries in fulfillment of obligations or to licensees.–No person required to deliver silver owned by him or in his possession or control shall be deemed to have failed to comply with the provisions of this order, if such silver is delivered in fulfillment of an obligation incurred or assumed by such person on or before the effective date of this order or is delivered to a person licensed to acquire and withhold silver in such an amount under Section 6. . . .
El gobierno useño se hizo en 3 meses con casi 109 millones de onzas, y otros 4 millones hasta 1938, en que se rescindió la orden. Total: 112.937.925 onzas (3512,762 toneladas).
Otrosí, mediante la SIlver Purchase Act de 1934, entre ese año y 1938 el gobierno useño compró 1.353.053.791 onzas de plata. Bien poca se acuñó.
Por supuesto, se inventaron nuevos impuestos para financiar esas compras:
Hasta donde sé por mi limitada experiencia, muy pocos metaleros saben de estos hechos.
Pues bien: que quede constancia de que los bienintencionados Roosevelt y sus cortesanos, los salvadores de la Patria, hasta publicaron una lista para señalar a los malvados acaparadores que poseían más de 50.000 onzas de plata:
Aquí puede leerse entero: Hoarders of Silver
Entonces la moneda de plata era curso legal. Hoy no.
Aviso para navegantes: un nuevo patrón-divisa-metal precioso no tiene por qué beneficiar más que a los amos.
Ahora que tanto se habla de quitas al ahorro privado y del oro y la plata como refugio, recordemos algun que otro caso historico en el que el gobierno, rey o señor feudal le ha quitado la plata al particular.
Un caso reciente, sin irse a extremos como la Guerra Civil Española: USA 1934. Es por todos conocida la Orden Ejecutiva 6102, del 5 de abril de 1933, que confiscó el oro de los estadounidenses (concretamente, el 72% de los certificados y el 49% de las monedas), a cambio de una compensación de 20,67$ por onza.
Menos conocida es la Orden Ejecutiva 6814, del 9 de agosto de 1934,
que confiscó la plata no acuñada de los estadounidenses con una ley de más de 800 milésimas, teóricamente para reacuñarla como moneda del Tesoro de los EEUU, entregando una compensación de 50 centavos la onza (65 para la producción de minas domésticas): Executive Order 6814—Requiring the Delivery of All Silver to the United States for Coinage | The American Presidency Project
Section 1. By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Silver Purchase Act of 1934 and of all other authority vested in me, I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States of America, do hereby require the delivery of all silver situated in the continental United States on the effective date hereof, by any and all persons owning, possessing, or controlling any such silver, and do hereby require any and all persons owning, possessing, or controlling any such silver to deliver the same in the manner, upon the conditions and subject to the exceptions herein contained, such action being in my judgment necessary to effectuate the policy of the Silver Purchase Act of 1934. . . .
Section 2. Silver required to be delivered..–There shall be delivered in accordance with the terms of this order all silver situated in the continental United States on the effective date hereof, except silver falling within any of the ***owing categories so long as it continues to fall thereunder:
(a) Silver coins, whether foreign or domestic;
(b) Silver of a fineness of .8 or less, which has not entered into industrial, commercial, professional, artistic, or monetary use;
(c) Silver mined, after December 21, 1933, from natural deposits in the United States or any place subject to the jurisdiction thereof: Provided, however, That so much of such silver so mined in the continental United States on or before the effective date of this order which shall not have been deposited with a United States mint tinder the proclamation of December 21, 1933, shall, if processed to a fineness greater than .8 within 75 days from the effective date of this order, be delivered in accordance with this order, not later than 90 days from the effective date hereof, or if processed to a fineness greater than .8 after 75 days from the effective date of this order, be delivered within 15 days thereafter in accordance with this order;
(d) Silver held for industrial, professional, or artistic use and unmelted scrap silver and silver sweepings in an amount not exceeding in the aggregate 500 fine troy ounces belonging to any one person;
(e) Silver owned on the effective date hereof by a recognized foreign government, foreign central bank, or the Bank for International Settlements;
(f) Silver contained in articles fabricated and held in good faith for a specific and customary use and not for their value as silver bullion; or
(g) Silver held under a license issued in accordance with Section 6 hereof.
Section 3. Time and place of delivery..–The silver required to be delivered here under shall be delivered not later than 90 days from the effective date hereof to the United States mint nearest to the place where the silver is situated immediately prior to delivery: Provided, That such silver temporarily falling within the exempt categories enumerated in Section 2, shall be delivered at the end of 90 days from the effective date hereof, or 15 days after the time when it ceases to fall within such categories, whichever date is later. Any person acquiring ownership, possession, or control of silver required to be delivered under this order after 75 days from the effective date hereof, shall deliver such silver within 15 days of such acquisition.
Section 4. Amount returnable for silver..–The silver herein required to be delivered shall be coined into standard silver dollars, or otherwise added to the monetary stocks of the United States in accordance with the proclamation, bearing the same date as this order, relating to the coinage of silver, and there shall be returned therefor in standard silver dollars, silver certificates, or any other coin or currency of the United States, the monetary value of the silver so delivered (that is, $1.2929+ a fine troy ounce), less a deduction of 61 8/25 percent thereof for seigniorage, brassage, coinage, and other mint charges, as provided in such proclamation; that is, the amount returnable for the silver delivered in accordance herewith shall be an amount equal to 50+ .– a fine troy ounce, which amount is not less than the fair value, at the time of this order, of the silver required to be delivered hereunder as determined by the market price over a reasonable period terminating at the time of this order.
Section 5. Reimbursement of costs..–The Secretary of the Treasury shall pay all necessary costs, actually incurred, of the tras*portation of such silver and standard silver dollars, silver certificates, and other coin or currency of the United States, including the cost of insurance, protection, and such other incidental costs as may be reasonably necessary. Persons desiring reimbursement of such costs shall submit their accounts on voucher forms which may be obtained by writing to the Treasurer of the United States, Washington, D.C.
Section 6. Licenses..–The Secretary of the Treasury, subject to such regulations as he may prescribe, acting directly or through such agency or agencies as he may designate, shall issue licenses authorizing the withholding of silver which the Secretary of the Treasury, or such agency as he may designate, is satisfied
(a) is required for legitimate and customary use in industry, profession, or art by a person regularly engaged in such industry, profession, or art or in the business of processing silver or furnishing silver therefor;
(b) has been imported for reexport; or
(c) is required to fulfill an obligation to deliver silver in such amount to a third person, incurred or assumed by the applicant on or before the effective date of this order; Provided, That at the date of the application, the applicant owns such silver or holds the obligation of another to deliver to him such silver.
The Secretary of the Treasury may, with the approval of the President, issue licenses authorizing the withholding of silver for purposes deemed to be in the public interest and not inconsistent with the purposes of the Silver Purchase Act of 1934 and of this order.
Section 7. Deliveries in fulfillment of obligations or to licensees.–No person required to deliver silver owned by him or in his possession or control shall be deemed to have failed to comply with the provisions of this order, if such silver is delivered in fulfillment of an obligation incurred or assumed by such person on or before the effective date of this order or is delivered to a person licensed to acquire and withhold silver in such an amount under Section 6. . . .
El gobierno useño se hizo en 3 meses con casi 109 millones de onzas, y otros 4 millones hasta 1938, en que se rescindió la orden. Total: 112.937.925 onzas (3512,762 toneladas).
Otrosí, mediante la SIlver Purchase Act de 1934, entre ese año y 1938 el gobierno useño compró 1.353.053.791 onzas de plata. Bien poca se acuñó.
Por supuesto, se inventaron nuevos impuestos para financiar esas compras:
Hasta donde sé por mi limitada experiencia, muy pocos metaleros saben de estos hechos.
Pues bien: que quede constancia de que los bienintencionados Roosevelt y sus cortesanos, los salvadores de la Patria, hasta publicaron una lista para señalar a los malvados acaparadores que poseían más de 50.000 onzas de plata:
Aquí puede leerse entero: Hoarders of Silver
Entonces la moneda de plata era curso legal. Hoy no.
Aviso para navegantes: un nuevo patrón-divisa-metal precioso no tiene por qué beneficiar más que a los amos.
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