Diversidad + Proximidad = GUERRA

Diversity + Proximity = War

– Social trust is negatively affected by ethnic diversity, case study in Denmark from 1979 to the present.

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Trust in a Time of Increasing Diversity: On the Relationship between …

– Ethnic homogeneity and Protestant traditions positively impact individual and societal levels of social trust.

Predicting Cross-National Levels of Social Trust: Global Pattern or Nordic Exceptionalism?
Predicting Cross-National Levels of Social Trust: Global Pattern or N…

– “In longitudinal perspective, [across European regions], an increase in immigration is related to a decrease in social trust.”

Ethnic Diversity, Economic and Cultural Contexts, and Social Trust: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Evidence from European Regions, 2002–2010
Ethnic Diversity, Economic and Cultural Contexts, and Social Trust: C…

– Immigration undermines the jovenlandesal imperative of those who most favor welfare benefits for the neediest.

SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class research journals

– The negative effect of community diversity on social cohesion is likely causal.

Does Ethnic Diversity Have a Negative Effect on Attitudes towards the Community? A Longitudinal Analysis of the Causal Claims within the Ethnic Diversity and Social Cohesion Debate
https://archive.fo/g0CW8

– In Switzerland, social peace between diverse factions isn’t maintained by integrated coexistence, but rather by strong topographic and political borders that separate groups and allow them autonomy.

://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0095660
Good Fences: The Importance of Setting Boundaries for Peaceful Coexis…

– “Our analysis supports the hypothesis that violence between groups can be inhibited by both physical and political boundaries.”

The Geography of Ethnic Violence
The Geography of Ethnic Violence - Springer

– Diversity hinders between-group cooperation at both the one-on-one and group levels.

SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class research journals

– The best chance for peace in Syria is better borders (intrastate or through the creation of new states) “suited to current geocultural regions”, and tribal autonomy.

http://www.necsi.edu/research/social/syria/syria.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20180305235733/http://www.necsi.edu/research/social/syria/syria.pdf

– Using data from US states, study finds a negative relationship between ethnic polarization and trust.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-7287.2010.00215.x/abstract
https://archive.fo/rKAIy

– Diversity is associated with more White support for nationalist parties, except at the local level where large immigrant populations cut into vote totals for nationalist parties.

http://sf.oxfordjournals.org/content/92/1/249
https://archive.fo/A2qtb

– In Australia, ethnic diversity lowers social cohesion and increases “hunkering”, providing support for Putnam’s thesis finding the same results in the US.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/juaf.12015/abstract
https://archive.fo/uP9Hn

– After controlling for a self-selection bias, study finds that ethnic diversity in English schools reduces trust in same-age people and does not make White British students more inclusive in their attitudes towards immigrants.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X14001392
https://archive.fo/kQKsq

– In Germany, residential diversity reduces natives’ trust in neighbors, while it also reduces immigrants’ trust but through a different pathway.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X1400074X
https://archive.fo/yEnnr

– Increasing social pluralism (diversity) is correlated with increased chance of collective violence.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/425106?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
https://archive.fo/84Kgr

– “[E]thnic heterogeneity [diversity] explains 55% of the variation in the scale of ethnic conflicts, and the results of regression analysis disclose that the same relationship more or less applies to all 187 countries. … [E]thnic nepotism is the common cross-cultural background factor which supports the persistence of ethnic conflicts in the world as long as there are ethnically divided societies.”

http://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1251240
https://archive.fo/3chLU

– Genetic Similarity Theory (GST) could help explain why diverse groups in close proximity increases ethnic conflict and ethnic nepotism.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886912005569
https://archive.fo/BxkDw

– Genetic diversity has contributed significantly to frequency of ethnic civil conflict, intensity of social unrest, growth of unshared policy preferences, and economic inequality over the last half-century.

https://www.nber.org/papers/w21079
https://archive.fo/Gjqo9

– Using social science data and computer modeling, researchers found that policies that attempt to create neighborhoods that are both integrated and socially cohesive are “a lost cause”.

http://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2013/study-asks-is-a-better-world-possible/
https://archive.fo/0Gc6s

– The numbers and the genetic distance matter. Minority groups that get above a certain critical mass, and that are culturally distant from the majority culture, begin to self-segregate from the majority, moving society toward division and away from cooperation.

http://www.ifs.org.uk/uploads/publications/wps/WP201530.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/2017020....org.uk/uploads/publications/wps/WP201530.pdf

– Using data from Copenhagen school registers, researchers found that native Danes opt out of public schools when the immigrant population concentration hits 35% or more.

http://emilkirkegaard.dk/en/wp-cont...hers-and-Native-Flight-from-Local-Schools.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/2017010...hers-and-Native-Flight-from-Local-Schools.pdf

– In the most liberal region in the US, San Francisco and surrounding suburbs, White parents are pulling their kids out of public schools that are becoming increasingly asian.

http://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2005/12/the_new_separate_but_equal.html
https://web.archive.org/web/2018030...icles/2005/12/the_new_separate_but_equal.html

– School integration (forced proximate Diversity) will not close race achievement gaps.

http://www.usnews.com/opinion/knowl...-reducing-school-segregation-may-be-overblown
https://web.archive.org/web/2018030...-reducing-school-segregation-may-be-overblown

– Exclusionary dating is a natural consequence of racial diversity.

http://sf.oxfordjournals.org/content/89/3/807
https://archive.fo/oBrci

– As diversity increases, politics becomes more tribalistic.

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/06/b...ilities-return-to-american-politics.html?_r=0
https://archive.fo/Z8YEG

– Company diversity policies don’t help minorities or women, and they psychologically discriminate against White men.

https://hbr.org/2016/01/diversity-p...ities-and-they-make-white-men-feel-threatened
https://archive.fo/apEKx

– Greater classroom and neighborhood diversity is linked to stronger tendencies to choose same-ethnic rather than cross-ethnic friends.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jora.12248/abstract
https://web.archive.org/web/2017010...ary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jora.12248/abstract

– A longitudinal test of the impact of diversity finds that it makes existing residents feel unhappier and more socially isolated.

https://www.academia.edu/3479330/Do...e_Ethnic_Diversity_and_Social_Cohesion_Debate
https://web.archive.org/web/2018030...e_Ethnic_Diversity_and_Social_Cohesion_Debate

– Internal dissension stoked by ethnic, social, political, and religious diversity, rather than environmental degradation, caused the collapse of the urbanized Cahokia Indian Tribe.

http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.nl/2016/02/internal-dissension-cited-as-reason-for.html
https://archive.fo/bS8Mi

– The volunteer participation rate in America hit a record low last year, declining 0.4% from the previous year, and has been declining since 2005. Not coincidentally, the racial composition of America has become more fragmented during the same time.

http://freebeacon.com/culture/volunteer-participation-hits-record-low/
https://archive.fo/QqspI

– A sense of social cohesion with the people who live around us is as happiness-inducing as love for the place itself.

https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/is-where-you-belong/201603/can-potluck-make-you-not-want-move
https://archive.fo/aP8dK

– Our desire for ‘like-minded others’ is hard-wired.

http://medicalxpress.com/news/2016-02-desire-like-minded-hard-wired.html
https://archive.fo/AIn9E

– “The Evolutionary Dominance of Ethnocentric Cooperation”

Recent agent-based computer simulations suggest that ethnocentrism, often thought to rely on complex social cognition and learning, may have arisen through biological evolution. From a random start, ethnocentric strategies dominate other possible strategies (selfish, traitorous, and humanitarian) based on cooperation or non-cooperation with in-group and out-group agents. Here we show that ethnocentrism eventually overcomes its closest competitor, humanitarianism, by exploiting humanitarian cooperation across group boundaries as world population saturates.

http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/16/3/7.html
https://archive.fo/aVAwz

– A wealthy Virginia county that is rapidly racially diversifying is getting poorer and less socially cohesive.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/loca...ad0ace-f107-11e5-a61f-e9c95c06edca_story.html
https://web.archive.org/web/2018022...ad0ace-f107-11e5-a61f-e9c95c06edca_story.html

– Gender diversity does not promote nonconformity in decision-making bodies. (But individual ability diversity does.)

http://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2382
https://web.archive.org/web/2018030...ne.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2382

– High ethnic diversity has a negative effect on innovation, but high “values diversity” has the opposite effect, as long as ethnic diversity is low. The best innovation happens in countries that are ethnically homogenous but diverse in values orientation.

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13504851.2015.1130785
https://archive.fo/ZL0gf

– Growing racial diversity in Houston is contributing to declining construction standards and aggravating the impact of natural disasters.

http://www.amerika.org/politics/the...f-2016-and-the-consequences-of-minority-rule/
https://archive.fo/zORTF

– As an explanation of recent voting behavior, ethnic origin trumps class differences. “…the political salience of white ethnicity persists, suggesting that ethnic groups do not simply dealign or politically “assimilate” over time.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629804000642
https://archive.fo/ebcm2

– Globalization and the internet are increasing the proximity of human diversity and consequently increasing mutual animosity as well. “The scholars traced the phenomenon to what they called ‘environmental spoiling.’ The nearer we get to others, the harder it becomes to avoid evidence of their irritating habits. Proximity makes differences stand out.”

https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2...her-throats/pu7MyoAkdyVComb9aKyu6K/story.html
https://archive.fo/WGX7I

Sí y tiene razón PERO sólo en el contexto de África (cirando a Easterly and Levine (1997): Africa's Growth Tragedy: Policies and Ethnic Divisions *) donde todos se dan el pasaporte entre todos, un poco de diversidad ayuda.


Eso nunca es aplicable a un pais primer-mundista blanco porque nuestros indicadores economicos se basan en otras metricas (por dar uno de los miles de ejemplos que tengo en la cabeza; tenemos infraestructuras y ellos no).